This process allowed the etching of an image onto a steel or copper covered rotary cylinder and heralded the beginning of the modern rotogravure process. The invention of photography led to the method of transferring a photo image onto a carbon tissue coated in a light-sensitive gelatin. The process began to use metal plates which carried the etched image, which was then printed onto the substrate. The intaglio process was further developed in the early seventeenth century when it became known as gravure printing. Engravers mastered the art of varying the depth of the engraving or etching which allowed differing shades of color to be achieved. In about 1640 a German engraver called Von Seigen employed a new method of intaglio printing called mezzotint, which was used to reproduce paintings in black and white and also in color. The goldsmiths not only engraved their products, but also developed an etching method using nitric acid. These early prints were used by the goldsmiths to display the range of engravings available to the customer. The images were hand engraved onto copper, gold and silver and the recessed image was filled with a black ink or enamel known as Niello and then pressed onto paper. The plate is then etched simply by washing the plate with water, revealing the original image on the plate.Intaglio printing originated with the goldsmith engravers in about 1446. The image is transferred to the plate by exposure to UV light. The transparency is sandwiched with a steel plate that has a UV light-sensitive emulsion, known as a photopolymer plate. It first involves making a transparency from a photograph.
The term "intaglio" is an Italian word meaning "carved" or "recesses." The intaglio process provides the opportunity for gradations in tone in the final print.Ī modern method of creating an etched plate from which to print intaglios is used.
Intaglio is the opposite of relief printing such as woodcuts which rely on the surface ink. All forms of intaglio printmaking rely on making an image based on ink being drawn from the etched or "sunken" areas of a plate or other media rather than from the surface. Intaglio printmaking has been around in one form or another for almost 700 years.
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